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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Mercer |government_footnotes = 〔 |government_type = Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) |governing_body = Township Council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Bert H. Steinmann (term ends December 31, 2018)〔〔〔(2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory ), New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 10, 2015. As of date accessed, Steinmann was listed as mayor with a term-end year of 2015.〕 |leader_title1 = Administrator |leader_name1 = James McManimon〔(Contact Us ), Ewing Township. Accessed November 18, 2012.〕 |leader_title2 = Clerk |leader_name2 = Kim J. Macellaro〔(Clerk’s Office ), Ewing Township. Accessed November 18, 2012.〕 |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = February 22, 1834 |named_for = Charles Ewing |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = 〔(2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.〕 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 40.400 |area_land_km2 = 39.497 |area_water_km2 = 0.903 |area_total_sq_mi = 15.599 |area_land_sq_mi = 15.250 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.349 |area_water_percent = 2.23 |area_rank = 174th of 565 in state 8th of 12 in county〔 |population_as_of = 2010 Census |population_footnotes = 〔(DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Ewing township, Mercer County, New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 18, 2012.〕〔〔(Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Ewing township ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed November 18, 2012.〕 |population_total = 35790 |population_rank = 66th of 565 in state 3rd of 12 in county〔(GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 18, 2012.〕 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = 2346.9 |population_density_rank = 259th of 565 in state 5th of 12 in county〔 |population_est = 36546 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔 |timezone = Eastern (EST) |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = Eastern (EDT) |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = 〔, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.〕 |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 125 |coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |coordinates_region = US-NJ |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_footnotes = 〔〔(US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |latd = 40.262722 |longd = -74.798307 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 08560, 08618, 08628, 08638〔(Look Up a ZIP Code for Ewing, NJ ), United States Postal Service. Accessed January 23, 2012.〕〔(Zip Codes ), State of New Jersey. Accessed October 11, 2013.〕 |area_code = 609〔(Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Ewing, NJ ), Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 11, 2013.〕 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 3402122185〔〔(American FactFinder ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕〔(A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey ), Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed October 28, 2012.〕 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0882128〔〔(US Board on Geographic Names ), United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.〕 |website = |footnotes = }} Ewing Township is a township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The township is within the New York metropolitan area as defined by the United States Census Bureau.〔(New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 28, 2014.〕 It also directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is part of the Federal Communications Commission's Philadelphia Designated Market Area.〔(- Philadelphia Market Area Coverage Maps ), Federal Communications Commission. Accessed December 28, 2014.〕 As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 35,790,〔〔〔 reflecting an increase of 83 (+0.2%) from the 35,707 counted in the 2000 Census, which had increased by 1,522 (+4.5%) from the 34,185 counted in the 1990 Census.〔(Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed November 18, 2012.〕 ==History== The earliest inhabitants of present-day Ewing Township in the historic era were Lenni Lenape Native Americans, who lived along the banks of the Delaware River. Their pre-colonial subsistence activities in the area included hunting, fishing, pottery-making, and simple farming. Europeans, mostly from the British Isles, began to colonize the area in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the earliest European settlers was William Green, and his 1717 farmhouse still stands on the campus of The College of New Jersey.〔(About the Farmhouse ), Friends of the Wm Green Farmhouse. Accessed January 7, 2015. "The house today mirrors the area’s architectural history with sections from three distinct building periods. Circa 1717 to 1730 section: The oldest remaining section, is the southeast segment of the building. This was originally a 2 ½ story brick house. The fine Flemish bond brickwork of this section is similar to that used in the 1719 Trent House in Trenton. Its interior preserves original 18th-century detailing. Circa 1750 to 1790 section: The second oldest section, added as the Green family grew, is located behind the oldest portion. It forms the northeast segment of the house and added four rooms and a stair hall. Circa 1830 section: The third building stage, a two-room-deep brick addition to the west, nearly doubled the size of the house."〕 The area that is now Ewing Township was part of Hopewell Township in what was a very large Burlington County at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1714 Hopewell was removed from Burlington County and added to Hunterdon County.〔(''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 52. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Hopewell township: From Burlington Court records, February 20, 1699/1700: The Hopewell township boundaries were "To begin at Mahlon Stacyes Mill (what is now Trenton ) And so along by York:road, until it comes to Shabbucunck, and up the same until it meet with the line of Partition that divides the Societies 30000 acres Purchase from the 15000 and then along the line of said Societies 30000 acres Purchase to Delaware River."〕〔(''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 162. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Hopewell township 1700 Feb 20, item 227: Formed in Burlington Co. 1714 item 4: Set off to Hunterdon Co. 1719 item 332: Part mentioned as Trenton (twp.)"〕 By 1719, the area which was to become Ewing Township had been removed from Hopewell Township and added to the newly created Trenton Township.〔(''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 164-165. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Trenton township 1719 June 3, item 332: Mentioned. Constable appointed for Hunterdon Co. 1720 Mar. 2, item 371: Boundary recorded. 1792 item 116: Part incorp. as Trenton city. 1798 Feb. 21, item 289: Incorporated. 1831 item 112: Part from Trenton city. 1834 item 102: Part to Ewing twp."〕 Portions of Trenton Township were incorporated as Ewing Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 22, 1834, posthumously honoring Charles Ewing for his work as Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.〔Hutchinson, Viola L. (''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names'' ), New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 30, 2015.〕 The township became part of the newly created Mercer County on February 22, 1838. After incorporation, Ewing Township received additional territory taken from Lawrence Township and the city of Trenton in 1858. In 1894 the city of Trenton took back some of that territory, annexing more in 1900.〔(''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 161-162. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Ewing township 1834 Feb. 22, item 102: Formed from Trenton twp. in Hunterdon Co. 1838 item 99: Set off to Mercer Co. 1858 item 44: Part from Trenton city. 1858 item 403: Part from Lawrence twp. 1894 item 595: Part to Trenton city. 1900 item 282: Part to Trenton city."〕 When Ewing Township was incorporated in the 19th century, it was primarily farmland with a handful of scattered hamlets, including Carleton (now known as Ewing), Cross Keys (now known as Ewingville), Birmingham (now known as West Trenton) and Greensburg (now known as Wilburtha).〔(History of Ewing ), Township of Ewing. Accessed April 20, 2015. "In the early years of settlement, Ewing was chiefly a woodland area; however, after the Revolution, Ewing embarked upon a long period of agricultural growth and activity. In 1844, historians Barber and Howe described the Township as having some of the richest soil in New Jersey. Early development was in the form of small hamlets scattered throughout the Township, including Birmingham (now known as West Trenton), Ewing, Ewingville, and Greensburg (now Wilburtha)."〕 Since the beginning of the 20th century, the township has developed as a suburb of Trenton. The sections near the city border are distinctly urban, but most of the township is suburban and rural residential development. The main commercial district extends along North Olden Avenue Extension (County Route 622), originally constructed to connect north Trenton residences with the now-closed General Motors Inland Fisher Guide Plant. Ewing Township today is the location of The College of New Jersey, the Community Blood Council of New Jersey, New Jersey State Police headquarters, the Jones Farm State Correction Institute, the Trenton Psychiatric Hospital, the New Jersey Department of Transportation headquarters, the Katzenbach School for the Deaf and Trenton-Mercer Airport. From 1953 until 1997 Ewing was the home of Naval Air Warfare Center Trenton, encompassing on Parkway Avenue.〔(Former Naval Air Warfare Center Trenton ), United States Navy. Accessed October 28, 2014. "The former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) Trenton is located in Ewing Township, New Jersey."〕 It was used as a jet engine test facility for the US Navy until its closure based on the recommendations of the 1993 Base Closure and Realignment Commission.〔 Nearly 700 civilian positions were eliminated, most of which were relocated to other facilities in Maryland and Tennessee.〔Staff. ("Base-Closing Panel Wraps Up Five Days of Voting" ), ''The New York Times'', June 28, 1993. Accessed October 11, 2013. "Under the panel's plan for the Ewing unit, the Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division, would be divided between the Arnold Engineering Center in Tullahoma, Tenn., and the Naval Air Warfare Center at Patuxent River, Md.... Officials were unclear how many people would lose their jobs because of the closing. The Ewing base employs 680 civilians and seven military workers, of whom 157 engineers and other high-level personnel are already awaiting transfer to Patuxent River as part of a 1991 base-closing decision."〕 The base's Marine operations were transferred to Fort Dix, which has since become Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst.〔McGrath, Brendan. ("HomeFront charity to take over Marine Reserve Center in Ewing" ), ''The Times (Trenton)'', June 16, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014. "HomeFront, the charity dedicated to ending homelessness in the Mercer region, will soon begin construction on its new headquarters as it takes over the decommissioned Marine Reserve Center in Ewing.... The Marine operations at the base were transferred to Fort Dix, which has since become Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst."〕 A charity to end homelessness acquired the base at no cost in October 2013 in a process involving the United States Department of Defense, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Mercer County and Ewing Township.〔 The first location of an industrial robot used to replace human workers was at Ewing's Inland Fisher Guide Plant in 1961, a facility that operated in the township for 1938 to 1998, after which the plant was demolished and targeted for redevelopment.〔Mickle, Paul. ("1961: A peep into the automated future" ), ''The Trentonian''. Accessed January 17, 2015. "Without any fanfare, the world's first working robot joined the assembly line at the General Motors plant in Ewing Township in the spring of 1961."〕〔(Famous Firsts in New Jersey ), State of New Jersey. Accessed January 18, 2015. "The first robot to replace a human worker was used by General Motors in Ewing Township in 1961."〕〔Galler, Joan. ("Ewing's vacant General Motors site soon to be cleaned" ), ''The Trentonian'', August 10, 2011. Accessed January 18, 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ewing Township, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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